Ограничители
| Конструкция | Пояснение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| ばかり | only (sometimes speaker dissatisfied), merely, ready to do | |
| about, when after a period | ||
| after Vta - just finished A | ||
| だけ | only | |
| Vinf/ta だけで | just ... is enough | |
| しか | only with negative verbs | |
| のみ | only in written language | |
| きり | action done nothing else started | |
| かぎり | limited to | |
| にすぎない | only, not more than | |
| こそ | the very | |
| どうも | for some reason | |
| 未だ | still | |
| ちょうど | just right | |
| だった | just | |
| ただ | only | |
| にかぎって | only | |
| にほかならない | nothing but, simply |
Противоположное ограничителям
| Конструкция | Пояснение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| AだけではなくB | not only A but also B | |
| AばかりかB (さえ) | not only A but also B (unexpectedly) | |
| Aばかりで(は)なくB | not only A but also B | |
| だからといって | but it doesn't mean that | |
| どころか | far from (being in underisable state) | |
| 以外 | except | |
| 以上 | more than ? дублируется | |
| かならずしも | not always | |
| どうしても | во чтобы то ни стало | |
| にかぎらず | no limited to | |
| はもちろん | not to mention | |
| Aは愚か | B not A, not to mention B | |
| からといって | not necessarily | |
| AくせにB Ano | くせに, despite A |
Другое
Aものか absolutely not A
Aわけではない it doesn't mean A
ないことは(も)ない it isn't the case that
それにしても nevertheless